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Thomas of Bosnia
Stephen Thomas ((ボスニア語:Stjepan Tomaš)/Стјепан Томаш; 1411 – 10 July 1461) was a member of the House of Kotromanić who reigned as the penultimate King of Bosnia from 1443 until his death. He succeeded his kinsman, Stephen Tvrtko II, but was not recognized as king by the kingdom's leading nobleman, Stjepan Vukčić Kosača. The two engaged in a civil war which ended with the King's marriage to the insubordinate nobleman's daughter Catherine. His reign was marked by conflicts with the Serbian Despotate and the Ottoman Empire. Stephen Thomas is perhaps best known as the first ruler of Bosnia who engaged in religious persecution. He was succeeded by his son, Stephen Tomašević, but the Kingdom fell to the Ottomans within two years.
== Background ==
Stephen Thomas was a son of King Stephen Ostoja, who died in 1418, and his mistress, whose name is not recorded. He was an adulterine child, as both his father and mother were married at the time of his birth, and was raised as a member of the Bosnian Church, to which his parents adhered.〔 Stephen Ostojić, Stephen Ostoja's only known legitimate child and successor, was deposed by Stephen Tvrtko II in 1421. Stephen Thomas' likewise illegitimate older brother Radivoj unsuccessfully contested Stephen Tvrtko's rule with the help of the Ottoman Empire. Stephen Ostoja was the only non-Catholic King of Bosnia, being a member of the Bosnian Church; it is likely that Stephen Thomas was also raised as an adherent of the Bosnian Church.〔
Stephen Ostoja's, and therefore Stephen Thomas and Radivoj's, relationship with Stephen Tvrtko II and the rest of the House of Kotromanić is disputed. In a charter issued upon his accession, Stephen Thomas described Stephen Tvrtko II as his '' patruus'', a Latin word that means "paternal uncle" if used is a noun, but "paternal uncle's son" if used as an adjective. The uncertainty is somewhat cleared by Stephen Ostoja's charters in which he referred to Stephen Tvrtko I, Stephen Tvrtko II's father, as his "late brother". The historian Dominik Mandić notes that, while cousins sometimes addressed each other as brothers, it would have been highly unusual for a person to describe his or her father as brother. Mandić thus concludes that Stephen Thomas was a patrilineal first cousin of Stephen Tvrtko II.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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